NOUN CLAUSE
Noun
clause adalah clause yang difungsikan sebagai noun. Noun clause dalam kalimat
pada umumnya digunakan sebagai subject dan object kalimat.
A.
Noun Clauses diawali dengan Question words
Dalam
How to Address Questions sudah dibahas tentang penggunaan kata tanya baik dalam
membuat information questions maupun dalam membuat embedded questions. Embedded questions tersebut
adalah noun clause. Dalam section ini diberikan contoh tambahan untuk merefresh
memori anda.
1.
Single question words.
1. Where she is now is still unknown.
2. When they arrive is still uncertain.
3. I know what you did last summer and I
still know what you did last summer are two Hollywood movies
starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt.
Perhatikan:
dalam kalimat ini, noun clause what you did last summer menjadi
object dari I know dan I still know, dan setelah
digabung dengan: are two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt,
menjadi subject majemuk dari kalimat.
Noun
clause dapat ditempatkan diawal kalimat (sebagai subject) atau sebagai object.
Jika anda ingin merubah posisi noun clause dari subject kalimat menjadi object
kalimat, biasanya dibutuhkan pronoun it atau sedikit modifikasi kata. Contoh di
atas menjadi:
1. It
is still unknown where she is now.
2. Do
you know when they arrive?
3. Two
Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt are I know what you
did last summer and I still know what you did last
summer. Karena merupakan judul movies, noun clause what you did
last summer tidak perlu diputar posisinya.
Note:
a)
Clause yang diawali oleh question words tertentu (i.e. when, whenever, where)
juga dapat berfungsi sebagai adverbial clause.
1. I
was reading a book when the phone rang.
2. I
went to where I and my ex girlfriend had been last
weekend.
3. I
suddenly get nausea whenever I see his face. (nausea = mual/mau
muntah).
b).
Clause yang diawali oleh question words tertentu (i.e. who, whom, whose + noun)
juga dapat berfungsi sebagai adjective clause. Dalam hal ini, kata tanya
tersebut sebenarnya adalah relative pronoun. Well, jangan terlalu dipusingkan
dengan istilah. Yang penting anda mengerti pola/struktur kalimatnya. Tapi, jika
anda penasaran, silakan baca topic adjective clauses.
1. I
think you whom Mr. Dodi was looking for. (Saya kira kamu (orang)
yang pak Dodi sedang cari-cari tadi).
2. Mr.
Dodi, who is a teacher, was looking for you at school.
3. Rommy,
whose book was stolen last week, just bought another new book
yesterday.
2.
Question words + ever/soever
Kecuali how,
diakhir question words dapat ditambahkan ever atau soever menjadi
whenever = whensoever, whatever= whatsoever, dan seterusnya. Arti ever atau soever di
sini sama, yaitu saja/pun, tinggal dikombinasikan dengan kata tanya
di depannya. Sedangkan, how+ever menjadi however (i.e. adverb
atau juga disebut kata transisi yang berarti namun/walapun demikian) tidak
termasuk dalam katagori ini.
1. We
will accept whatever you want us to do. (Kami akan
menerima/melakukan apa saja yang kamu ingin kami lakukan).
2. Whoever can melt her feeling is a very lucky guy.
(melt = meluluhkan). Be careful: guy (dibaca gae)= laki-laki, sedangkan gay
(dibaca gei) = fag = homo.
3. She
has agreed to wherever the man would bring her. (Dia
telah setuju kemanapun pria itu membawanya pergi). Note: in speaking
(informal), preposition (dalam hal ini to, etc.) biasanya
diletakkan di ujung kalimat. She has agreed wherever the man would
bring her to.
3.
Question words + nouns
Question
words + nouns yang sering digunakan antara lain: what time (jam berapa), what
day (hari apa), what time (jam berapa), what kind (jenis apa), what type (tipe
apa), whose + nouns (i.e. whose car, whose book, ect.), dan seterusnya.
1. I
can’t remember what day we will take the exam.
2. As
long as I am faithful, she doesn’t care what type of family I come from.
(faithful = setia).
3. Do
you know what time it is?
4. I
don’t know whose car is parked in front of my house.
4.
Question words + adjectives
Question
words + adjectives yang sering digunakan antara lain: how long (berapa
panjang/lama), how far (berapa jauh), how old (berapa tua/umur), ect.
1. Man!
She still looks young. Do you know how old she actually is?
2. I
am lost. Could you tell me how far it is from here to the post office?
3. What
a jerk. He didn’t even ask how long I had been waiting for him.
5.
Question words + determiners
Question
words + determiners yang sering digunakan adalah: how many (berapa banyak)
dan how much (berapa banyak). Remember: how many diikuti oleh plural
nouns, sedangkan how much diikuti oleh uncountable nouns.
1. Is
there any correlation between how good he or she is in English and how
many books he or she has?
2. How much your English skill will improve is determined by how
hard you practice.
6.
Question words + adverbs
Question
words + adverbs yang sering digunakan adalah: how often (berapa sering), how
many times (berapa kali) ect.
1. No
matter how often I practice, my English still sucks. (Tidak
memandang berapa kali saya latihan, bahasa Inggris saya masih jelek). Suck
(informal verb) = jelek/tidak baik; arti suck yang lain: mengisap.
2. I
don’t want my parents to know how many times I have left school early.
(leave school early = bolos).
7.
Question words + infinitives
Jika
question words langsung diikuti oleh infinitives,
invinitives tersebut mengandung makna should atau can/could.
Perhatikan bahwa subject setelah question words dihilangkan.
1. She
didn’t know what to do = She didn’t know what she
should do. (Dia tidak tahu apa yang seharusnya dia lakukan).
2. Please
tell me how to get the train station from here = Please tell
me how I can get the train station from here.
3. We
haven’t decided when to go to the beach = We haven’t decided when
we should go to the beach.
4. Marry
told us where to find her = Marry told us where we
could find her.
B.
Noun clauses diawali dengan whether/if
Whether
bisa diikuti oleh OR/NOT bisa juga tidak; makna kalimat biasanya sama walaupun
OR/NOT tidak disebutkan (ini tergantung konteks kalimat). Untuk penggunaan if,
selain telah dibahas di topic conjunctions,
juga telah dibahas di topic conditionals. Note: whether pelafalannya sama dengan weather
(cuaca), tulisannya juga mirip. Be careful, jangan sampai tertukar.
1. I
am not sure whether she is coming or not = I am not sure whether
or not she is coming = I am not sure whether she is coming.
(Saya tidak yakin apakah dia akan datang atau tidak).
2. We
can’t decide whether we should go out or stay home. = We can’t
decide whether to go or (to) stay home. Perhatikan, infinitives
juga dapat digunakan setelah whether.
3. I
am not sure whether I should take economics or law after I graduate from high
school. (Saya tidak yakin apakah saya harus ngambil Ekonomi atau Hukum setelah
lulus SMA nanti).
4. If
you take economics, I will take economics. On the other hand, if you take law,
I will take law too.
C.
Noun clauses diawali dengan that/the fact that
Di
sini that berarti bahwa, sedangkan the
fact that berarti fakta bahwa. Sedangkan, that dalam
adjective clauses berarti yang.
1. That she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20 surprises a lot of
people = It surprises a lot of people that she has had a PhD degree at
the age of 20.
2. It is the
fact that the world is round = the fact that the world is
round is well known.
3. It
was obvious that she was very sick = The fact that she
was very sick was obvious.
4. It
seems that it is going to rain soon.